A company has established its environmental audit activity as part of its legal department rather than part of its internal audit activity, which reports to the audit committee. The board has requested that the chief audit executive (CAE) provide an annual opinion on whether environmental risks are being properly addressed.
In these circumstances, the CAE should recommend to the audit committee that the internal audit activity:
An internal audit activity has made a preliminary determination that a division of the organization has employed improper accounting practices.
Upon being informed, the head of the organization instructs the chief audit executive (CAE) to cease the investigation and to withhold the information from external auditors.
Which of the following would require a disclosure of nonconformance with the Standards and The IIA's Code of Ethics in the communication of an engagement's results?