Which of the following is best defined as the outline of a quality system structure that also serves as a permanent reference in the implementation and maintenance of that system?
A machining process engineer has calculated that the purchase of a new $150,000 cutter for machines would enable the assembly area to increase output by 30% or more. The engineer turned the idea over to the machining department leadership, who reviewed the suggestion and, without further consultation, made a decision on the proposed purchase. This decision-making process is typical of which of the following types of organizational structures?